Mathematics:-

Mathematics (colloquially, maths, or math in American English) is the body of facts focus on theories such as quantity, arrangement, space, and change, and the academic regulation, which studies them. Benjamin Peirce called it "the science that sketches essential conclusions". It evolved, with abstraction and logical analysis, from counting, calculation, measurement, and the systematic study of the shapes and motions of corporeal substance. Mathematicians determine such theories, aspiring to make new guess and set up their truth by exact conclusion from aptly selected axioms and definitions.

Knowledge and employ of fundamental mathematics have constantly been an inherent and integral part of entity and cluster life. Alterations of the essential thoughts are noticeable in mathematical manuscripts originating in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Ancient India, and Ancient China, with increased rig our later set up by the ancient Greeks. Starting this point on, the development sustained in fitful bursts in anticipation of the Renaissance time of the 16th century, when mathematical innovations interrelated with new technical discoveries, leading to a stepping up in understanding that continues to the present day.

Nowadays, mathematics is used all over the world in numerous fields, together with science, engineering, medicine and economics. The application of mathematics to such fields, frequently dubbed applied mathematics, motivates and creates use of new mathematical discoveries and from time to time show the ways to the growth of entirely new disciplines. Mathematicians as well engage in pure mathematics or math for its own sake, lack of having any practical application in mind, although applications for what began as pure mathematics are often discovered shortly.

History and Pre history

Traditionally, the study of history was limited to the written and spoken word. However, the rise of academic professionalism and the creation of new scientific fields in the 19th and 20th centuries brought a flood of new information that challenged this notion. Archaeology, anthropology and other social sciences were providing new information and even theories about human history. Some traditional historians questioned whether these new studies were really history, since they were not limited to the written word. A new term, prehistory, was coined, to encompass the results of these new fields where they yielded information about times before the existence of written records.

In the 20th century, the division between history and prehistory became problematic. Criticism arose because of history's implicit exclusion of certain civilizations, such as those of Sub-Saharan Africa and pre-Columbian America. Additionally, prehistorians such as Vere Gordon Childe and historical archaeologists like James Deetz began using archaeology to explain important events in areas that were traditionally in the field of history. Historians began looking beyond traditional political history narratives with new approaches such as economic, social and cultural history, all of which relied on various sources of evidence. In recent decades, strict barriers between history and prehistory may be decreasing.